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The transition from flexible, goal-directed to reflexive, compulsive behaviors is also influenced by interoceptive and exteroceptive inputs. Similarly, synapses from hippocampal glutamatergic terminals into the NAc were shown to also undergo LTP, which was necessary for the formation of reward-related contextual memories, although these neuroplastic changes did not appear to be DA-dependent (196). Results from […]

What is not so widely known about the legendary Hemingway is that he is one of the many famous people who had bipolar disorder, paranoid delusions, and alcoholism. When it comes to famous alcoholics in history, the story of the American astronaut Buzz Aldrin who was the second person to walk on the moon is

For example, if you’re addicted to opioids and stop using them, you’ll soon need to take more just to avoid the arduous withdrawals . Even if you don’t feel sick from withdrawals, you may still feel a deep need, or craving, for the drug you take. Drug addiction can have a lasting, destructive impact on

It’s not like you’ll get drunk from a candle that’s (inexplicably) scented like “wine country.” But that’s not the point. It could never work, but it still hurts to know they’re gone. Even if they were shitty or abusive, there’s still a part of you that’s hung up and wishes there was a way to